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('9ab7f00d221decc74b3efe90e1ebebe6', '18.218.132.6', 'Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)', 1729608513, 1729608513, 0, '', 'ajhse.org')
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(mysqli): SELECT setting_name, setting_value, setting_type FROM plugin_settings WHERE plugin_name = 'defaultthemeplugin' AND context_id = 1
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM journals WHERE path = 'ajhse'
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WHERE c.enabled = 1 ORDER BY seq
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM navigation_menu_items WHERE path = 'article/view/424' and context_id = 1 and type= 'NMI_TYPE_CUSTOM'
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(mysqli): SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = 'plugins.generic.usageStats.UsageStatsLoader'
(mysqli): SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = 'plugins.importexport.doaj.DOAJInfoSender'
(mysqli): SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = 'plugins.importexport.crossref.CrossrefInfoSender'
(mysqli): SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = 'plugins.importexport.datacite.DataciteInfoSender'
(mysqli): SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = 'plugins.importexport.medra.MedraInfoSender'
(mysqli): SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = 'plugins.generic.usageStats.UsageStatsLoader'
(mysqli): SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = 'plugins.importexport.doaj.DOAJInfoSender'
(mysqli): SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = 'plugins.importexport.crossref.CrossrefInfoSender'
(mysqli): SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = 'plugins.importexport.datacite.DataciteInfoSender'
(mysqli): SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = 'plugins.importexport.medra.MedraInfoSender'
(mysqli): SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = 'plugins.generic.usageStats.UsageStatsLoader'
(mysqli): SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = 'plugins.importexport.doaj.DOAJInfoSender'
(mysqli): SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = 'plugins.importexport.crossref.CrossrefInfoSender'
(mysqli): SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = 'plugins.importexport.datacite.DataciteInfoSender'
(mysqli): SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = 'plugins.importexport.medra.MedraInfoSender'
(mysqli): SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = 'plugins.generic.usageStats.UsageStatsLoader'
(mysqli): SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = 'plugins.importexport.doaj.DOAJInfoSender'
(mysqli): SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = 'plugins.importexport.crossref.CrossrefInfoSender'
(mysqli): SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = 'plugins.importexport.datacite.DataciteInfoSender'
(mysqli): SELECT last_run FROM scheduled_tasks WHERE class_name = 'plugins.importexport.medra.MedraInfoSender'
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(mysqli): SELECT ps.*,
s.*,
COALESCE(stl.setting_value, stpl.setting_value) AS section_title,
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JOIN sections se ON se.section_id = s.section_id
LEFT JOIN section_settings stpl ON (se.section_id = stpl.section_id AND stpl.setting_name = 'title' AND stpl.locale = 'en_US')
LEFT JOIN section_settings stl ON (se.section_id = stl.section_id AND stl.setting_name = 'title' AND stl.locale = 'en_US')
LEFT JOIN section_settings sapl ON (se.section_id = sapl.section_id AND sapl.setting_name = 'abbrev' AND sapl.locale = 'en_US')
LEFT JOIN section_settings sal ON (se.section_id = sal.section_id AND sal.setting_name = 'abbrev' AND sal.locale = 'en_US')INNER JOIN submission_settings sst ON s.submission_id = sst.submission_id
WHERE sst.setting_name = 'pub-id::publisher-id' AND sst.setting_value = '424' ORDER BY ps.issue_id, s.submission_id
(mysqli): SELECT ps.*,
s.*,
COALESCE(stl.setting_value, stpl.setting_value) AS section_title,
COALESCE(sal.setting_value, sapl.setting_value) AS section_abbrev
FROM published_submissions ps
JOIN submissions s ON (ps.submission_id = s.submission_id)
JOIN sections se ON se.section_id = s.section_id
LEFT JOIN section_settings stpl ON (se.section_id = stpl.section_id AND stpl.setting_name = 'title' AND stpl.locale = 'en_US')
LEFT JOIN section_settings stl ON (se.section_id = stl.section_id AND stl.setting_name = 'title' AND stl.locale = 'en_US')
LEFT JOIN section_settings sapl ON (se.section_id = sapl.section_id AND sapl.setting_name = 'abbrev' AND sapl.locale = 'en_US')
LEFT JOIN section_settings sal ON (se.section_id = sal.section_id AND sal.setting_name = 'abbrev' AND sal.locale = 'en_US')
WHERE s.submission_id = 424
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM submission_settings WHERE submission_id = '424'
(mysqli): SELECT sf.*, g.*
FROM submission_galleys g
LEFT JOIN submission_files sf ON (g.file_id = sf.file_id)
LEFT JOIN submission_files nsf ON (nsf.file_id = g.file_id AND nsf.revision > sf.revision)
WHERE g.submission_id = 424
AND nsf.file_id IS NULL
ORDER BY g.seq
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM submission_galley_settings WHERE galley_id = '142'
(mysqli): SELECT i.*
FROM issues i INNER JOIN issue_settings ist ON i.issue_id = ist.issue_id
WHERE ist.setting_name = 'pub-id::publisher-id' AND ist.setting_value = '14' ORDER BY i.issue_id
(mysqli): SELECT i.* FROM issues i WHERE issue_id = 14
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM issue_settings WHERE issue_id = '14'
(mysqli): SELECT sf.*, g.*
FROM submission_galleys g
LEFT JOIN submission_files sf ON (g.file_id = sf.file_id)
LEFT JOIN submission_files nsf ON (nsf.file_id = g.file_id AND nsf.revision > sf.revision)
WHERE g.galley_id = 0
AND nsf.file_id IS NULL AND g.submission_id = 424
(mysqli):
SELECT iss.subscription_id
FROM institutional_subscriptions iss
JOIN subscriptions s ON (iss.subscription_id = s.subscription_id)
JOIN subscription_types st ON (s.type_id = st.type_id)
WHERE POSITION(UPPER(LPAD(iss.domain, LENGTH(iss.domain)+1, '.')) IN UPPER(LPAD('ec2-18-218-132-6.us-east-2.compute.amazonaws.com', LENGTH('ec2-18-218-132-6.us-east-2.compute.amazonaws.com')+1, '.'))) != 0
AND iss.domain != ''
AND s.journal_id = 1
AND s.status = 1
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AND ((st.non_expiring = 1) OR (st.non_expiring = 0 AND ('2024-10-22 14:48:33' >= s.date_start AND '2024-10-22 14:48:33' <= s.date_end)))
AND (st.format = 1
OR st.format = 17)
(mysqli): SELECT isip.subscription_id
FROM institutional_subscription_ip isip
JOIN subscriptions s ON (isip.subscription_id = s.subscription_id)
JOIN subscription_types st ON (s.type_id = st.type_id)
WHERE ((isip.ip_end IS NOT NULL
AND '316310534' >= isip.ip_start AND '316310534' <= isip.ip_end
AND s.journal_id = 1
AND s.status = 1
AND st.institutional = 1
AND ((st.non_expiring = 1) OR (st.non_expiring = 0 AND ('2024-10-22 14:48:33' >= s.date_start AND '2024-10-22 14:48:33' <= s.date_end)))
AND (st.format = 1
OR st.format = 17))
OR (isip.ip_end IS NULL
AND '316310534' = isip.ip_start
AND s.journal_id = 1
AND s.status = 1
AND st.institutional = 1
AND ((st.non_expiring = 1) OR (st.non_expiring = 0 AND ('2024-10-22 14:48:33' >= s.date_start AND '2024-10-22 14:48:33' <= s.date_end)))
AND (st.format = 1
OR st.format = 17)))
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM genres
WHERE enabled = 1 AND context_id = 1 AND dependent = 0 AND supplementary = 0
ORDER BY seq
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM genre_settings WHERE genre_id = '13'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM genre_settings WHERE genre_id = '14'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM genre_settings WHERE genre_id = '15'
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(mysqli): SELECT * FROM genre_settings WHERE genre_id = '17'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM genre_settings WHERE genre_id = '18'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM genres
WHERE enabled = 1 AND context_id = 1 AND supplementary = 1
ORDER BY seq
(mysqli): SELECT DISTINCT
sf.file_id AS submission_file_id, sf.revision AS submission_revision,
af.file_id AS artwork_file_id, af.revision AS artwork_revision,
suf.file_id AS supplementary_file_id, suf.revision AS supplementary_revision,
s.locale AS submission_locale,
sf.*, af.*, suf.*
FROM submission_files sf
LEFT JOIN submission_artwork_files af ON sf.file_id = af.file_id AND sf.revision = af.revision
LEFT JOIN submission_supplementary_files suf ON sf.file_id = suf.file_id AND sf.revision = suf.revision
LEFT JOIN submissions s ON s.submission_id = sf.submission_id LEFT JOIN submission_files sf2 ON sf.file_id = sf2.file_id AND sf.revision < sf2.revision
WHERE sf2.revision IS NULL AND sf.file_id = 1632 ORDER BY sf.submission_id ASC, sf.file_stage ASC, sf.file_id ASC, sf.revision DESC
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM submission_file_settings WHERE file_id = '1632'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM sections WHERE section_id = 1
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM section_settings WHERE section_id = '1'
(mysqli): SELECT *
FROM citations
WHERE submission_id = 424
ORDER BY seq, citation_id
(mysqli): INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs
(symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id)
VALUES
('submissionKeyword', 1048585, 424)
Query: INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs
(symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id)
VALUES
('submissionKeyword', 1048585, 424) failed. Duplicate entry 'submissionKeyword-1048585-424' for key 'controlled_vocab_symbolic'
1062: Duplicate entry 'submissionKeyword-1048585-424' for key 'controlled_vocab_symbolic'
ADOConnection._Execute(INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs (symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id) VALUES ('submissionKeyword', 1048585, 424)) % line 1032, file: adodb.inc.php
ADOConnection.Execute(INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs (symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id) VALUES ('submissionKeyword', 1048585, 424), Array[1]) % line 228, file: DAO.inc.php
DAO.update(INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs (symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id) VALUES (?, ?, ?), Array[3], true, false) % line 99, file: ControlledVocabDAO.inc.php
ControlledVocabDAO.insertObject(Object:ControlledVocab, false) % line 60, file: ControlledVocabDAO.inc.php
ControlledVocabDAO._build(submissionKeyword, 1048585, 424) % line 30, file: SubmissionKeywordDAO.inc.php
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM controlled_vocabs WHERE symbolic = 'submissionKeyword' AND assoc_type = 1048585 AND assoc_id = 424
(mysqli): SELECT cve.* FROM controlled_vocab_entries cve WHERE cve.controlled_vocab_id = 1975 ORDER BY seq
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM controlled_vocab_entry_settings WHERE controlled_vocab_entry_id = '795'
(mysqli): SELECT ps.*,
s.*,
COALESCE(stl.setting_value, stpl.setting_value) AS section_title,
COALESCE(sal.setting_value, sapl.setting_value) AS section_abbrev
FROM published_submissions ps
JOIN submissions s ON ps.submission_id = s.submission_id
JOIN sections se ON se.section_id = s.section_id
LEFT JOIN section_settings stpl ON (se.section_id = stpl.section_id AND stpl.setting_name = 'title' AND stpl.locale = 'en_US')
LEFT JOIN section_settings stl ON (se.section_id = stl.section_id AND stl.setting_name = 'title' AND stl.locale = 'en_US')
LEFT JOIN section_settings sapl ON (se.section_id = sapl.section_id AND sapl.setting_name = 'abbrev' AND sapl.locale = 'en_US')
LEFT JOIN section_settings sal ON (se.section_id = sal.section_id AND sal.setting_name = 'abbrev' AND sal.locale = 'en_US')INNER JOIN submission_settings sst ON s.submission_id = sst.submission_id
WHERE sst.setting_name = 'pub-id::publisher-id' AND sst.setting_value = '424' ORDER BY ps.issue_id, s.submission_id
(mysqli): SELECT ps.*,
s.*,
COALESCE(stl.setting_value, stpl.setting_value) AS section_title,
COALESCE(sal.setting_value, sapl.setting_value) AS section_abbrev
FROM published_submissions ps
JOIN submissions s ON (ps.submission_id = s.submission_id)
JOIN sections se ON se.section_id = s.section_id
LEFT JOIN section_settings stpl ON (se.section_id = stpl.section_id AND stpl.setting_name = 'title' AND stpl.locale = 'en_US')
LEFT JOIN section_settings stl ON (se.section_id = stl.section_id AND stl.setting_name = 'title' AND stl.locale = 'en_US')
LEFT JOIN section_settings sapl ON (se.section_id = sapl.section_id AND sapl.setting_name = 'abbrev' AND sapl.locale = 'en_US')
LEFT JOIN section_settings sal ON (se.section_id = sal.section_id AND sal.setting_name = 'abbrev' AND sal.locale = 'en_US')
WHERE s.submission_id = 424
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM submission_settings WHERE submission_id = '424'
(mysqli): SELECT sf.*, g.*
FROM submission_galleys g
LEFT JOIN submission_files sf ON (g.file_id = sf.file_id)
LEFT JOIN submission_files nsf ON (nsf.file_id = g.file_id AND nsf.revision > sf.revision)
WHERE g.submission_id = 424
AND nsf.file_id IS NULL
ORDER BY g.seq
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM submission_galley_settings WHERE galley_id = '142'
(mysqli):
SELECT iss.subscription_id
FROM institutional_subscriptions iss
JOIN subscriptions s ON (iss.subscription_id = s.subscription_id)
JOIN subscription_types st ON (s.type_id = st.type_id)
WHERE POSITION(UPPER(LPAD(iss.domain, LENGTH(iss.domain)+1, '.')) IN UPPER(LPAD('ec2-18-218-132-6.us-east-2.compute.amazonaws.com', LENGTH('ec2-18-218-132-6.us-east-2.compute.amazonaws.com')+1, '.'))) != 0
AND iss.domain != ''
AND s.journal_id = 1
AND s.status = 1
AND st.institutional = 1
AND ((st.non_expiring = 1) OR (st.non_expiring = 0 AND ('2024-10-22 14:48:33' >= s.date_start AND '2024-10-22 14:48:33' <= s.date_end)))
AND (st.format = 1
OR st.format = 17)
(mysqli): SELECT isip.subscription_id
FROM institutional_subscription_ip isip
JOIN subscriptions s ON (isip.subscription_id = s.subscription_id)
JOIN subscription_types st ON (s.type_id = st.type_id)
WHERE ((isip.ip_end IS NOT NULL
AND '316310534' >= isip.ip_start AND '316310534' <= isip.ip_end
AND s.journal_id = 1
AND s.status = 1
AND st.institutional = 1
AND ((st.non_expiring = 1) OR (st.non_expiring = 0 AND ('2024-10-22 14:48:33' >= s.date_start AND '2024-10-22 14:48:33' <= s.date_end)))
AND (st.format = 1
OR st.format = 17))
OR (isip.ip_end IS NULL
AND '316310534' = isip.ip_start
AND s.journal_id = 1
AND s.status = 1
AND st.institutional = 1
AND ((st.non_expiring = 1) OR (st.non_expiring = 0 AND ('2024-10-22 14:48:33' >= s.date_start AND '2024-10-22 14:48:33' <= s.date_end)))
AND (st.format = 1
OR st.format = 17)))
(mysqli): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title, s.locale
FROM authors a
JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id)
JOIN submissions s ON (s.submission_id = a.submission_id)
WHERE a.submission_id = 424 ORDER BY seq
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '890'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '891'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '892'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '893'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '894'
(mysqli): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title, s.locale
FROM authors a
JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id)
JOIN submissions s ON (s.submission_id = a.submission_id)
WHERE a.submission_id = 424 AND a.include_in_browse = 1 ORDER BY seq
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '890'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '891'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '892'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '893'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '894'
(mysqli): INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs
(symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id)
VALUES
('submissionKeyword', 1048585, 424)
Query: INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs
(symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id)
VALUES
('submissionKeyword', 1048585, 424) failed. Duplicate entry 'submissionKeyword-1048585-424' for key 'controlled_vocab_symbolic'
1062: Duplicate entry 'submissionKeyword-1048585-424' for key 'controlled_vocab_symbolic'
ADOConnection._Execute(INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs (symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id) VALUES ('submissionKeyword', 1048585, 424)) % line 1032, file: adodb.inc.php
ADOConnection.Execute(INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs (symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id) VALUES ('submissionKeyword', 1048585, 424), Array[1]) % line 228, file: DAO.inc.php
DAO.update(INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs (symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id) VALUES (?, ?, ?), Array[3], true, false) % line 99, file: ControlledVocabDAO.inc.php
ControlledVocabDAO.insertObject(Object:ControlledVocab, false) % line 60, file: ControlledVocabDAO.inc.php
ControlledVocabDAO._build(submissionKeyword, 1048585, 424) % line 30, file: SubmissionKeywordDAO.inc.php
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM controlled_vocabs WHERE symbolic = 'submissionKeyword' AND assoc_type = 1048585 AND assoc_id = 424
(mysqli): SELECT cve.* FROM controlled_vocab_entries cve WHERE cve.controlled_vocab_id = 1975 ORDER BY seq
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM controlled_vocab_entry_settings WHERE controlled_vocab_entry_id = '795'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM sections WHERE section_id = 1
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM section_settings WHERE section_id = '1'
(mysqli): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title, s.locale
FROM authors a
JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id)
JOIN submissions s ON (s.submission_id = a.submission_id)
WHERE a.submission_id = 424 ORDER BY seq
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '890'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '891'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '892'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '893'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '894'
(mysqli): INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs
(symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id)
VALUES
('submissionKeyword', 1048585, 424)
Query: INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs
(symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id)
VALUES
('submissionKeyword', 1048585, 424) failed. Duplicate entry 'submissionKeyword-1048585-424' for key 'controlled_vocab_symbolic'
1062: Duplicate entry 'submissionKeyword-1048585-424' for key 'controlled_vocab_symbolic'
ADOConnection._Execute(INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs (symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id) VALUES ('submissionKeyword', 1048585, 424)) % line 1032, file: adodb.inc.php
ADOConnection.Execute(INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs (symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id) VALUES ('submissionKeyword', 1048585, 424), Array[1]) % line 228, file: DAO.inc.php
DAO.update(INSERT INTO controlled_vocabs (symbolic, assoc_type, assoc_id) VALUES (?, ?, ?), Array[3], true, false) % line 99, file: ControlledVocabDAO.inc.php
ControlledVocabDAO.insertObject(Object:ControlledVocab, false) % line 60, file: ControlledVocabDAO.inc.php
ControlledVocabDAO._build(submissionKeyword, 1048585, 424) % line 30, file: SubmissionKeywordDAO.inc.php
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM controlled_vocabs WHERE symbolic = 'submissionKeyword' AND assoc_type = 1048585 AND assoc_id = 424
(mysqli): SELECT cve.* FROM controlled_vocab_entries cve WHERE cve.controlled_vocab_id = 1975 ORDER BY seq
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM controlled_vocab_entry_settings WHERE controlled_vocab_entry_id = '795'
(mysqli): SELECT i.* FROM issues i WHERE journal_id = 1 AND current = 1
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM issue_settings WHERE issue_id = '10'
Isolation, Characterization and Evaluation of Anti-schistosomal Activity of triterpenes from crude ethyl acetate extract of the Rhizome of Dolichos pachyrhizus
| African Journal of Health, Safety and Environment
Isolation, Characterization and Evaluation of Anti-schistosomal Activity of triterpenes from crude ethyl acetate extract of the Rhizome of Dolichos pachyrhizus
(mysqli): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title, s.locale
FROM authors a
JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id)
JOIN submissions s ON (s.submission_id = a.submission_id)
WHERE a.submission_id = 424 ORDER BY seq
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '890'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '891'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '892'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '893'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '894'
(mysqli): SELECT a.*, ug.show_title, s.locale
FROM authors a
JOIN user_groups ug ON (a.user_group_id=ug.user_group_id)
JOIN submissions s ON (s.submission_id = a.submission_id)
WHERE a.submission_id = 424 ORDER BY seq
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '890'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '891'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '892'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '893'
(mysqli): SELECT * FROM author_settings WHERE author_id = '894'
N. M. Musa
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Al-Qalam University Katsina, Katsina State, Nigeria
M. S. Sallau
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
A. O. Oyewale
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
T. Ali
Department of Chemistry, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria; Department of Chemistry, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria
S. Kabir
Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Petroleum Resources Effurun, Delta State, Nigeria
Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by helminth flatworms of the genus Schistosoma. Currently, praziquantel is the only medication available. Schistosomiasis is the second most deadly parasitic infection after malaria. Dolichos pachyrhizus's (Fabaceae) rhizome is commonly utilized as an antihelmintic. In this study, the in vitro antischistosomal activity of D. pachyrhizus crude extract and isolated compounds were examined against S. mansoni immature worms. All mature and immature worms were killed by C1, C2 and ethyl acetate extract at 500 mg/mL after 24 h incubation. Additionally, all the examined compounds and extract at 500 mg/mL exponentially reduced the parasite's movement; (70-90 %) shrinkage, viability (10-30 %) and mortality (70-90 %) rates.
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Musa, N. M., Sallau, M. S., Oyewale, A. O., Ali, T., & Kabir, S. (2023). Isolation, Characterization and Evaluation of Anti-schistosomal Activity of triterpenes from crude ethyl acetate extract of the Rhizome of Dolichos pachyrhizus. African Journal of Health, Safety and Environment, 4(1), 117-131. https://doi.org/10.52417/ajhse.v4i1.424
